Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.
Ahmed Qasem,
Hamza Assaggaf,
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti,
Faisal Minshawi,
Bodour S. Rajab,
Ammar A. Attar,
Reema A. Alyamani,
Munerah Hamed,
Nidal Naceiri Mrabti,
Aicha El Baaboua,
Nasreddine El Omari,
Mohammed Merae Alshahrani,
Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh,
Ryan Adnan Sheikh,
Long Chiau Ming,
Khang Wen Goh,
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Affiliations
Ahmed Qasem
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Hamza Assaggaf
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
Faisal Minshawi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Bodour S. Rajab
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Ammar A. Attar
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Reema A. Alyamani
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
Munerah Hamed
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
Engineering Materials, Modeling and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Aicha El Baaboua
Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
Nasreddine El Omari
Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
Ryan Adnan Sheikh
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Long Chiau Ming
School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
Khang Wen Goh
Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of O. basilicum EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and trans-anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC50 = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of O. basilicum in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and trans-anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.
