Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV) Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kizito Eneye Bello,
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola,
Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna,
Okolo Martin-Luther Oseni,
Adejo Patience Omebije,
Rafidah Hanim Shueb,
Nazri Mustaffa
Affiliations
Kizito Eneye Bello
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Okolo Martin-Luther Oseni
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
Adejo Patience Omebije
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Nazri Mustaffa
Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 11800, Kelantan, Malaysia
Background and Aim: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common infection in liver cirrhosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide detailed information on the prevalence of SBP among hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver cirrhosis globally. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of SBP in HBV and HCV-related cirrhosis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search returned ten (10) eligible articles involving 1713 viral cirrhosis cases representing eight (8) countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the random effect model. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022321790). Results: The pooled prevalence of SBP in HBV-associated cirrhosis had the highest estimate [8.0% (95% CI, 2.7–21.0%; I2 = 96.13%; p I2 = 88.99%; p P < 0.001. There was an increase in SBP incidence at the beginning of 2016 across the liver cirrhosis in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this review revealed a rise in the incidence of SBP in viral hepatitis over the last decade. The latter indicates a possible future rise in the global prevalence of SBP among HBV and HCV-related liver cirrhosis.
