The History of Term «Museology» Origin
Abstract
The article examines the rise of the term "Museology" in historical context in the countries of Europe. The purpose of the study is to trace the formation of the term «Museology» in Europe. Research methodology is general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a principle of history, comparative historical method, historical and chronological method, Museology methods as a special scientific discipline. Scientific novelty and originality consists in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian Museology of the origin in the term is «Museology» and its use in the writings of European researchers. Conclusions. It has been found that in the XVI–XVIII centuries, known to work on Museum study, but not of Museology. Works of Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus, and German scientists have been considered, Johann Joachim Winkelmann, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who stood at the origins formation of the Museology as a science. A term «Museology» introduced in science by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1816 year. The first definitions of Museology have appeared in the writings of German researchers (G. Rathgeber, Ph. L. Martin, J. G. Th. Graesse) in the 19th century. In the first half of the twentieth century Museology were taught not as a normative discipline in higher educational institutions in European countries. Since the second half of the twentieth century on the historical and philosophical faculties of several universities (Charles University (Prague); Masaryk University (Brno), Czech Republic; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University (Kyiv), Ukraine) Museology specialists has been carried out.
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