Enhancing Glucose Biosensing with Graphene Oxide and Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine)
Jirawan Monkrathok,
Pattanaphong Janphuang,
Somphong Suphachiaraphan,
Sastiya Kampaengsri,
Anyanee Kamkaew,
Kantapat Chansaenpak,
Sireerat Lisnund,
Vincent Blay,
Piyanut Pinyou
Affiliations
Jirawan Monkrathok
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Pattanaphong Janphuang
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Somphong Suphachiaraphan
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Sastiya Kampaengsri
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Anyanee Kamkaew
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Kantapat Chansaenpak
National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Sireerat Lisnund
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Suranarai Rd., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Vincent Blay
Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Piyanut Pinyou
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
We designed and optimized a glucose biosensor system based on a screen-printed electrode modified with the NAD-GDH enzyme. To enhance the electroactive surface area and improve the electron transfer efficiency, we introduced graphene oxide (GO) and ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI-Fc) onto the biosensor surface. This strategic modification exploits the electrostatic interaction between graphene oxide, which possesses a negative charge, and LPEI-Fc, which is positively charged. This interaction results in increased catalytic current during glucose oxidation and helps improve the overall glucose detection sensitivity by amperometry. We integrated the developed glucose sensor into a flow injection (FI) system. This integration facilitates a swift and reproducible detection of glucose, and it also mitigates the risk of contamination during the analyses. The incorporation of an FI system improves the efficiency of the biosensor, ensuring precise and reliable results in a short time. The proposed sensor was operated at a constant applied potential of 0.35 V. After optimizing the system, a linear calibration curve was obtained for the concentration range of 1.0–40 mM (R2 = 0.986). The FI system was successfully applied to determine the glucose content of a commercial sports drink.
