The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
Long-rising Type II Supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe
- Tawny Sit,
- Mansi M. Kasliwal,
- Anastasios Tzanidakis,
- Kishalay De,
- Christoffer Fremling,
- Jesper Sollerman,
- Avishay Gal-Yam,
- Adam A. Miller,
- Scott Adams,
- Robert Aloisi,
- Igor Andreoni,
- Matthew Chu,
- David Cook,
- Kaustav Kashyap Das,
- Alison Dugas,
- Steven L. Groom,
- Anna Y. Q. Ho,
- Viraj Karambelkar,
- James D. Neill,
- Frank J. Masci,
- Michael S. Medford,
- Josiah Purdum,
- Yashvi Sharma,
- Roger Smith,
- Robert Stein,
- Lin Yan,
- Yuhan Yao,
- Chaoran Zhang
Affiliations
- Tawny Sit
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA ; [email protected]; Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Mansi M. Kasliwal
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Anastasios Tzanidakis
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Kishalay De
- MIT-Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Christoffer Fremling
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Jesper Sollerman
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Avishay Gal-Yam
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Adam A. Miller
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Scott Adams
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Robert Aloisi
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Igor Andreoni
- ORCiD
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Matthew Chu
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- David Cook
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Kaustav Kashyap Das
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Alison Dugas
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Steven L. Groom
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Anna Y. Q. Ho
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Viraj Karambelkar
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- James D. Neill
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Frank J. Masci
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Michael S. Medford
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Josiah Purdum
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Yashvi Sharma
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Roger Smith
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Robert Stein
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Lin Yan
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Yuhan Yao
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Chaoran Zhang
- ORCiD
- Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad036f
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 959,
no. 2
p. 142
Abstract
SN 1987A was an unusual hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova originating from a blue supergiant star. Similar blue supergiant explosions remain a small family of events, and are broadly characterized by their long rises to peak. The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe (CLU) experiment aims to construct a spectroscopically complete sample of transients occurring in galaxies from the CLU galaxy catalog. We identify 13 long-rising (>40 days) Type II supernovae from the volume-limited CLU experiment during a 3.5 yr period from 2018 June to 2021 December, approximately doubling the previously known number of these events. We present photometric and spectroscopic data of these 13 events, finding peak r -band absolute magnitudes ranging from −15.6 to −17.5 mag and the tentative detection of Ba ii lines in nine events. Using our CLU sample of events, we derive a long-rising Type II supernova rate of ${1.37}_{-0.30}^{+0.26}\times {10}^{-6}$ Mpc ^−3 yr ^−1 , ≈1.4% of the total core-collapse supernova rate. This is the first volumetric rate of these events estimated from a large, systematic, volume-limited experiment.
Keywords
