The modified risk factors of ischemic stroke

Abstract

Strokes, being a heterogeneous syndrome, are the result of multifactorial accumulative disorders of the body. The urgency of the problem of cerebral stroke is due to the high level of occurrence and prevalence on a global scale, as well as the consequences. Thus, vascular diseases of the brain vessels occupy the second place in the structure of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and total mortality of the population. The expected aging of the population, coupled with a decrease in mortality from stroke, creates a predisposition to an increase in the burden of strokes in the form of an increase in the number of victims. In Kazakhstan, as in most countries of the world, ischemic strokes prevail, which are the main cause of disability of the working-age population. Despite certain advances in the treatment of brain catastrophes caused by the introduction of protocols for early diagnosis and the development of algorithms for urgent actions, as well as the development of innovative pharmaceutical approaches, prevention of stroke development remains the most effective approach in all respects - medical, economic, social. Risk factors for stroke can be classified as changeable (modifiable) and not subject to change (non-modifiable, or risk markers). Age, gender and race, ethnicity, genetic predisposition are unchangeable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet and physical inactivity are among the most common modifiable risk factors. Stroke prevention mainly focuses on managing variable risk factors. Lifestyles and behavior modification, such as changes in diet or smoking cessation, not only reduce stroke risk, but also reduce the risk of other cardiovascular diseases. Other preventive areas include the identification and treatment of diseases that increase the risk of stroke, such as hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation.

Keywords

• cerebral stroke
• ischemic stroke
• risk factors
• modifiable risk factors
• arterial hypertension
• diabetes mellitus