Correlación entre deficiencia, afectación psicológica, discapacidad y calidad de vida en la parálisis facial periférica

Abstract

Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la correlación entre escalas de deficiencia, afectación psicológica, discapacidad y calidad de vida en personas que han sufrido una parálisis facial periférica (PFP). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo con 30 pacientes que habían presentado una PFP cuya resolución fue incompleta. Se utilizaron cuestionarios de deficiencia (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), afectación psicológica (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), discapacidad (Facial Disability Index [FDI]) y calidad de vida (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale [FaCE]). Resultados: No encontramos correlación entre FGS y HADS, ni entre FGS y FDI Social. Existe correlación entre FGS y FDI Física (r = 0,54; p < 0,01), FDI total (r = 0,4; p < 0,05), FaCE total (ρ = 0,66; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = 0,5;p < 0,01). Observamos correlación entre HADS Ansiedad y FDI Física (r = –0,47; p < 0,01), FDI Social (r = –0,47; p < 0,01), FDI Total (r = –0,55; p < 0,01), FaCE Total (ρ = –0,49; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = –0,46; p < 0,05). También entre HADS Depresión y FDI Física (r = –0,61; p < 0,01), FDI Social (r = –0,53; p < 0,01), FDI Total (r = –0,66; p < 0,01), FaCE Total (ρ = –0,67; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = –0,68; p < 0,01). Encontramos correlación entre FDI Física y FaCE Total (ρ = 0,87; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = 0,74; p < 0,01), FDI Social y FaCE Total (ρ = 0,66; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = 0,72; p < 0,01), y FDI Total y FaCE Total (ρ = 0,87; p < 0,01) y FaCE Social (ρ = 0,84; p < 0,01). Conclusión: En nuestro grupo de estudio, los pacientes con mayor déficit presentan mayor discapacidad física y global y peor calidad de vida, aunque no mayor discapacidad social ni mayor afectación psicológica. Los pacientes con mayor discapacidad presentan mayor afectación psicológica y peor calidad de vida. Los pacientes con mayor afectación psicológica presentan peor calidad de vida. Abstract: Introduction: This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment, psychological distress, disability, and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely. We used tools for assessing impairment (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS]), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), disability (Facial Disability Index [FDI]), and quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale). Results: We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores, or between FGS and FDI social function scores. However, we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores (r = 0.54; P<.01), FDI total score (r = 0.4; P<.05), FaCE total scores (ρ = 0.66; P<.01), and FaCE social function scores (ρ = 0.5; P<.01). We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function (r = –0.47; P<.01), FDI social function (r = –0.47; P<.01), FDI total (r = –0.55; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ = –0.49; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ = –0.46; P<.05). Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function (r = –0.61; P<.01), FDI social function (r = –0.53; P<.01), FDI total (r = –0.66; P<.01), FaCE total (ρ = –0.67; P<.01), and FaCE social scores (ρ = –0.68; P<.01), between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores (ρ = 0.87; P<.01) and FaCE social function (ρ = 0.74; P<.01), between FDI social function and FaCE total (ρ = 0.66; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ = 0.72; P<.01), and between FDI total scores and FaCE total (ρ = 0,87; P<.01) and FaCE social function scores (ρ = 0.84; P<.01). Conclusion: In our sample, patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress. Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life. Lastly, patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life. Palabras clave: Parálisis facial periférica, Deficiencia, Afectación psicológica, Discapacidad física, Discapacidad social, Calidad de vida, Keywords: Peripheral facial palsy, Impairment, Psychological distress, Physical disability, Social disability, Quality of life