Intolerance of Uncertainty Worsens Career Indecisiveness and Anxiety Among Chinese NEET During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediation Roles of Memes Use and Depression Emoticon Empathy

Abstract

The term “NEET” refers to individuals aged 15 to 34 years who are not involved in education, employment, or training programs. Recent studies have shown that NEET individuals are at a high risk of experiencing lower well-being and mental health issues. This study aimed to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), meme use (MU), depression emoticon empathy (DEE), and career indecisiveness and anxiety (CIA) in NEETs who were locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. We hypothesize positive interrelations among study variables. Then, mediation path models were carried out to study the relationship between IU and CIA through MU and DEE. We collected data through an online survey from NEETs (N = 1,404) in China, using questionnaires assessing IU, MU, DEE, and CIA, and Structural Equation Modeling analyses were performed to explore the interrelations among them. We found that IU influenced NEET’s CIA primarily through the independent intermediaries of MU and DEE. Additionally, the chain intermediary of MU → DEE was significant. Our study indicated that MU and DEE partially mediated the relationship between IU and CIA, respectively. Digital communications through MU and DEE are playing an important role in the relationship between IU and CIA, respectively. Therefore, MU and DEE as studied in this research may work as alarm to foretell early of the CIA among NEET. Moreover, our findings could be used as a reference for promoting employment and increasing the employment rate among NEET population and might be a potential target for intervention or service delivery.