Cognitive profiles of children and young people in secure care

Abstract

Children and young people in secure care often have significant vulnerabilities and can experience multiple adversities. Whether these are biological, psychological, or social in nature, the impact can be significant and traverse many domains of functioning, including cognitive skills. The ability to think, reason, learn, problem solve, pay attention, concentrate, remember, and communicate are essential life skills. Despite previous research documenting a link between trauma and cognitive impairment in looked after children and in young offender populations, there is a dearth of research specifically exploring the cognitive profiles of children in secure care. Furthermore, experience working in a secure care setting has exposed a tendency for professionals and care staff to attribute a higher level of skill and competency to young people who have not undergone any formal testing. Given the vulnerabilities of this group, it is critical that we understand and properly respond to their needs. One way to ensure that their cognitive profile is considered when designing their care plan, is to include formal cognitive testing as part of the assessment process. Having an accurate profile of areas of strength and weaknesses can ensure that care plans are properly tailored to maximise young people’s outcomes.

Keywords

• secure care
• looked after children and young people
• cognitive development
• cognitive assessments
• scotland