Identification of Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery During Direct Sinus Floor Elevation: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Radiographic Study

Abstract

Background: The study aims to present the location and course of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) using cone beam computed tomography (C.B.C.T.) imaging, which is considered as a valuable part for treatment planning in sinus augmentation procedures for dental implant treatment. Materials and Methods: Data was extracted from included C.B.C.T. images using implant planning software and entered on Microsoft Excel and SPSS for statistical analysis. For each radiograph measurements were taken on premolar and molar region to determine the location of PSAA as being extraosseous or intraosseous. The distance of the artery from the floor of the sinus was also measured. Results: The study included 56 radiographic images. 44 view of right and left maxillary sinus satisfied the inclusion criteria. Each sinus had 2 points of measurements, giving total of 176 sites. The average distance of PSAA was 11.1 from the floor of the maxillary sinus and the median was 10.5mm. The PSAA was extraosseous in most instances with 57% of the total sample. Conclusions: The location of the PSAA can be mostly in extraosseous site. The artery might also move from extraosseous to intraosseous location, or Vise versa, during its course as it travel from the molar to premolar area. Correct identification during planning of sinus lift procedures can help in avoiding accidental trauma during surgery.

Keywords

• posterior superior alveolar artery
• maxillary sinus augmentation
• sinus floor elevation
• cone beam computed tomography