Performance optimization of crossed bowties of inverted Sierpinski fractal antenna for multiband wireless communication applications

Abstract

In recent years, substantial research efforts have focused on Sierpinski fractal antennas, both in their conventional form and through hybridizations with other antenna types, as well as various modifications. However, an unexplored area of investigation remains: the application of an inverted Sierpinski fractal structure within a crossed bowtie antenna design. This article presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a third iteration of an inverted crossed bowtie-shaped Sierpinski fractal antenna suitable for wireless multiband communication systems. The design procedure utilized a scripting technique (*.py) provided by the HFSS software due to the antenna’s complex geometry. Additionally, manually designing antennas with complex geometries, such as fractal antennas, can be time-consuming. Optimization procedures, along with a comparative study, were conducted, revealing that the proposed antenna offers more frequency bands and better impedance matching. The proposed antenna is constructed using dielectric material FR4 glass epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm, relative permittivity of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.025. The proposed antenna resonates at frequencies of 0.73, 2.75, 3.53, 5.22, and 5.64 GHz, covering various applications, including television broadcasting, satellite communication, radar systems (such as weather and air traffic control radar), long-range communication systems, wireless broadband services, and wireless networking (Wi-Fi). The simulation and experimental measurement results are in good agreement, validating the effectiveness of the antenna design for these applications.

Keywords

• Crossed bowtie
• Fractal antenna
• Multiband applications
• Performance optimisation
• Sierpinski antenna
• Wireless communications