Transformation of Ginsenosides by <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> MB11 Fermentation: Minor Ginsenosides Conversion and Enhancement of Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity
Yunjiao Shen,
Yansong Gao,
Ge Yang,
Zijian Zhao,
Yujuan Zhao,
Lei Gao,
Lei Zhao,
Shengyu Li
Affiliations
Yunjiao Shen
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Yansong Gao
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Ge Yang
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Zijian Zhao
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Yujuan Zhao
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Lei Gao
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
Lei Zhao
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
Shengyu Li
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agriculture Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
The present study aimed to increase the content of minor ginsenosides and enhance the anti-colorectal cancer activity of ginsenosides via biotransformation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MB11 screened from fermented foods. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of murine colorectal cancer CT26 cells was established in mice to study the anticarcinogenic activities and mechanism of fermented total ginsenosides (FTGs). The results showed that L. plantarum MB11 fermentation increased the content of minor ginsenosides and decreased that of major ginsenosides. FTGs reduced the tumor weight and size compared with the model group. Immunofluorescence and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis showed that FTGs significantly increase the number of caspase-3 cells in tumor tissue and induce cell apoptosis. Mechanically, FTGs activate AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway and regulate JAK2/STAT3 and Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 apoptosis pathway. Overall, fermentation with L. plantarum MB11 enhanced minor ginsenosides in total ginsenosides, and FTGs induced subcutaneous transplantation tumor autophagy and apoptosis in mice.
