Nuclear Molecular Imaging of Disease Burden and Response to Treatment for Cardiac Amyloidosis
Min Zhao,
Raffaella Calabretta,
Josef Yu,
Patrick Binder,
Shuo Hu,
Marcus Hacker,
Xiang Li
Affiliations
Min Zhao
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
Raffaella Calabretta
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Floor 3L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Josef Yu
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Floor 3L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Patrick Binder
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Floor 3L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Shuo Hu
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
Marcus Hacker
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Floor 3L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Xiang Li
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Floor 3L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which extracellular insoluble amyloid proteins are deposited in specific organs and tissues locally or systemically, thereby interfering with physiological function. Transthyretin protein (TTR) and light chain (AL) amyloidosis are the most common types of cardiac amyloidosis. Radionuclide bone scintigraphy has recently become the most common non-invasive test for the diagnosis of TTR-CA but is of limited value for the diagnosis of AL-CA. PET has proved promising for the diagnosis of CA and its applications are expected to expand in the future. This review summarizes the current bone scintigraphy and amyloid-targeting Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, the binding imaging properties of radiotracers, and the values of diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring therapy response in CA.
