Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (Sep 2009)

Fatores de risco para mortalidade hospitalar no implante de prótese valvar mecânica Risk factors for hospital mortality in valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis

  • Mateus W De Bacco,
  • Ana Paula Sartori,
  • João Ricardo Michelin Sant'Anna,
  • Marisa F Santos,
  • Paulo Roberto Prates,
  • Renato A. K Kalil,
  • Ivo A Nesralla

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-76382009000400012
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 24, no. 3
pp. 334 – 340

Abstract

Read online

INTRODUÇÃO: A identificação dos fatores de risco pré-operatórios na cirurgia valvar visa à melhoria do resultado cirúrgico por meio da neutralização de fatores relacionados à mortalidade aumentada. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar fatores de risco para mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes submetidos a implante de prótese valvar mecânica. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com aquisição retrospectiva de dados com 335 pacientes consecutivamente submetidos ao implante de prótese mecânica St Jude Medical, entre dezembro de 1994 e setembro de 2005, no Instituto de Cardiologia do RS, sendo 158 aórticos, 146 mitrais e 31 mitro-aórticos. Foi analisada a relação da mortalidade hospitalar com características demográficas e operatórias dos pacientes: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, classe funcional (NYHA), fração de ejeção, lesão valvar, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabete melito, creatinina, arritmia cardíaca, cirurgia cardíaca prévia, revascularização miocárdica, plastia tricúspide concomitante e caráter da cirurgia (eletivo, de urgência ou de emergência). Utilizada regressão logística para identificar os fatores de risco e quantificada sua influência pelo cálculo de odds-ratio. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 13 (3,88%) óbitos hospitalares. Características relacionadas à mortalidade aumentada foram creatinina sérica (POBJECTIVE: Identification of risk factors for cardiac surgery can improve surgical results. Our aim is to identify factors related to increased hospital mortality for patients who underwent mechanical cardiac prosthesis implant. METHODS: Prospective study with retrospective data acquirement study including 335 consecutive patients who underwent at least one implant of St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis between December 1994 and September 2005 at the Cardiology Institute of RS. Valve implants were 158 (47.1%) in aortic position, 146 (43.6%) in mitral and 31 (9.3%) in aortic and mitral. The following characteristics were analyzed in relation to hospital death: gender, age, body mass index, NYHA functional class, ejection fraction, type of valve lesion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, preoperative arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, CABG surgery, concomitant tricuspid valve surgery and operative priority (elective, urgent or emergent). Logistical regression was used to analyze data and odds-ratio was calculated for individual factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up there were 13 (3.88%) deaths. In-hospital mortality risk was associated with serum creatinine (P<0.05), ejection fraction < 30% (P<0.001), mitral valve lesion (P<0.05), concomitant CABG surgery (P<0.01), prior cardiac surgery (P<0.01) and reoperation (P<0.01). Increased odd-ratio were related to previous cardiac surgery (5.36; IC95% 0.94-30.56), combined revascularization (5.28; IC95% 1.51-18.36), valvar reoperation (4.69; IC95% 0.93-23.57) and concomitant tricuspid annulosplasty (3.72; IC95% 0.75-18.30). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate is within the parameters found in the literature, identifying recognized factors which neutralization by changes in surgical indication and medical management may enable risk reduction

Keywords