Comparative Clinical Assessment and Risk Stratification of COVID-19 and Influenza Infections in Adults and Children: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical risks and outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza.Methods: The search for relevant articles was conducted using both a database search method and a manualsearch, which involved searching through the reference lists of articles related to the topic for additional studies.The Quality assessment was carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa tool, and the data analysis was conductedusing the Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4.1).Results: The meta-analysis results indicated that COVID-19 patients had similar lengths of hospital stays(SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.60-0.11; p=0.17). However, COVID-19 patients had significantly higher mortality rates(RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.21-0.37; p<0.0001), in-hospital complications (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50-0.65; p<0.00001),intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.37-0.61; p<0.00001), length of ICU stay (SMD:-0.45; 95% CI: -0.83-0.06; p=0.02), and mechanical ventilation use (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.28-0.46; p<0.00001).Conclusion: The findings suggested that COVID-19 was more severe than influenza. Therefore, “flu-like”symptoms should not be dismissed without a clear diagnosis, especially during the winter when influenza ismore prevalent.

Keywords

• covid-19
• risk stratification
• influenza infection