INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIMES ON FORMATION OF BEETROOT CULTURE IN THE RIGHT BANK OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the effect of sowing periods on the formation of beetroot harvest. The duration of the interphase periods of the beetroot depended on the time of sowing the seeds. Earlier sowing periods contributed to the extension of the interphase periods. Then, as late sowing was characterized by shorter periods of growth and development of beetroot plants. The interfacial period of mass shoots – the end of the growing season was 125 – 144 days. For the sowing period of the second decade of may, this period was: in the variety Bordo Kharkivskyi – 126 days, in the variety Opolsky – 125 days, respectively.Sowing in the third decade of april contributed to the extension of the interphase periods, so the harvesting of root crops from mass shoots was carried out for 144 – 142 days, respectively. Among the variants studied, the highest plant height was sown during the sowing period of the third decade of april: 28.6 cm in Bordo Kharkivskyi and 22.2 cm in Opolskiy. beetroot seeds are 28.4 – 30.5 g, while in the Opolskiy variety for these sowing periods - 26.5 - 28.3 g, which is 1.9 and 2.2 g less.On average, during the years of research, the highest yield was observed during the sowing period of the third decade of April: 63.1 t / ha – in the Bordo Kharkivskyi, 55.9 t / ha – in the Opolskiy variety. The yield of plants was slightly lower in the period of sowing and in the decade of may – 60.9 t / ha and 53.4 t / ha, respectively. The lowest yield was observed during the sowing period of the second decade of may: 58.0 t / ha – in the variety Bordo Kharkivskyi, 50.3 t / ha – in the variety Opolskiy. The largest diameter of the root crop was observed in fruits of rounded shape, namely in the variety Bordo Kharkivskyi, in the variety Opolskiy this indicator was smaller because the shape of the fruit is cylindrical. The largest this indicator was noted for the sowing period of the third decade of april – 7.3 cm, the smallest – for the sowing period of the second decade of may – 6.8 cm. Opolskiy varieties had slightly smaller fruit diameter from 4.4 cm – the third decade of april, up to 4, 0 cm – the second decade of may.The length of the root crop depended on the variety and the sowing time of the beetroot. It was the largest in the beetroot with cylindrical fruit shape (Opolskiy variety): for sowing of the third decade of april – 13.7 cm, for the sowing period of the second decade of may – 12.9 cm. up to 8.9 cm depending on sowing time.The mass of beetroot root was in the range of 227 – 284 g depending on the variant under study. The highest root mass was obtained from the Bordo Kharkivskyi, which is larger than the Opolskiy variety by 32 and 34 g depending on the sowing time of the seed. Comparing the sowing time of beetroot seeds, the largest mass of root crops was obtained for the sowing period of the third decade of april: 284 g in Bordo Kharkivskyi and 252 g in Opolskiy

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