npj Systems Biology and Applications (Feb 2024)

Forum on immune digital twins: a meeting report

  • Reinhard Laubenbacher,
  • Fred Adler,
  • Gary An,
  • Filippo Castiglione,
  • Stephen Eubank,
  • Luis L. Fonseca,
  • James Glazier,
  • Tomas Helikar,
  • Marti Jett-Tilton,
  • Denise Kirschner,
  • Paul Macklin,
  • Borna Mehrad,
  • Beth Moore,
  • Virginia Pasour,
  • Ilya Shmulevich,
  • Amber Smith,
  • Isabel Voigt,
  • Thomas E. Yankeelov,
  • Tjalf Ziemssen

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-024-00345-5
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 1
pp. 1 – 8

Abstract

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Abstract Medical digital twins are computational models of human biology relevant to a given medical condition, which are tailored to an individual patient, thereby predicting the course of disease and individualized treatments, an important goal of personalized medicine. The immune system, which has a central role in many diseases, is highly heterogeneous between individuals, and thus poses a major challenge for this technology. In February 2023, an international group of experts convened for two days to discuss these challenges related to immune digital twins. The group consisted of clinicians, immunologists, biologists, and mathematical modelers, representative of the interdisciplinary nature of medical digital twin development. A video recording of the entire event is available. This paper presents a synopsis of the discussions, brief descriptions of ongoing digital twin projects at different stages of progress. It also proposes a 5-year action plan for further developing this technology. The main recommendations are to identify and pursue a small number of promising use cases, to develop stimulation-specific assays of immune function in a clinical setting, and to develop a database of existing computational immune models, as well as advanced modeling technology and infrastructure.