Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (Nov 2024)
The distribution of Babesia odocoilei in Ixodes species ticks in Canada: Implications for one health surveillance
- Camille Guillot,
- Jérôme Pelletier,
- Cécile Aenishaenslin,
- Heather Coatsworth,
- Antonia Dibernardo,
- Jules K. Koffi,
- Manisha A. Kulkarni,
- Jean-Philippe Rocheleau,
- Christy Wilson,
- Curtis Russell,
- Mark P. Nelder,
- Jacqueline Badcock,
- Justin Carr,
- Sylvia Checkley,
- Katie M. Clow,
- Stephanie Cooper,
- Susan Cork,
- Ariane Dumas,
- Shaun Dergousoff,
- Nicoletta Faraone,
- Erin Fraser,
- Scott Graham-Derham,
- Alejandra Irace-Cima,
- Stefan Iwasawa,
- Emily Jenkins,
- Patrick A. Leighton,
- Roman McKay,
- Muhammad Morshed,
- Roxane Pelletier,
- Marion Ripoche,
- Kateryn Rochon,
- Karine Thivierge,
- Maarten J. Voordouw,
- Nicholas H. Ogden,
- Catherine Bouchard
Affiliations
- Camille Guillot
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Corresponding author.
- Jérôme Pelletier
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Cécile Aenishaenslin
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Heather Coatsworth
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Antonia Dibernardo
- Mycobacteriology, Vector-borne and Prion Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Jules K. Koffi
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Manisha A. Kulkarni
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Jean-Philippe Rocheleau
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Département de santé animale, Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Christy Wilson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Curtis Russell
- Enteric, Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Health Protection, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mark P. Nelder
- Enteric, Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases, Health Protection, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Jacqueline Badcock
- New Brunswick Department of Health, Government of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Justin Carr
- Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Fisheries, New Brunswick, Canada
- Sylvia Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Katie M. Clow
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Stephanie Cooper
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Susan Cork
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Ariane Dumas
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Shaun Dergousoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Nicoletta Faraone
- Chemistry Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Erin Fraser
- Communicable Disease and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Scott Graham-Derham
- Department of Education and Early Childhood Learning, Government of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Alejandra Irace-Cima
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Stefan Iwasawa
- Communicable Disease and Immunization Service, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Coastal Health, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Patrick A. Leighton
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Roman McKay
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Muhammad Morshed
- BCCDC Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Roxane Pelletier
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Marion Ripoche
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Kateryn Rochon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Karine Thivierge
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada; Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- Maarten J. Voordouw
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Nicholas H. Ogden
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Catherine Bouchard
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15,
no. 6
p. 102413
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are vectors of a range of pathogens of public health significance in North America. These ticks transmit pathogens to and from wild animal reservoir host species, but also bite humans and expose them to the pathogens. We describe the geographical and temporal distribution of the pathogen Babesia odocoilei, the causative agent of cervid babesiosis. Ixodes spp. ticks collected through active and passive surveillance were submitted to the National Microbiology Laboratory of the Public Health Agency of Canada for analysis of the presence of B. odocoilei from 2018 to 2021. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the temporal change of B. odocoilei prevalence across Canada. Babesia odocoilei-positive I. scapularis are widespread across south-central and eastern regions of Canada, with an overall prevalence of 12.0 % in both nymphs (CI 95 % : 11.4–12.6) and adults (CI 95 % : 11.9–12.1) collected in passive surveillance and 13.2 % (CI 95 % : 12.9–13.5) and 10.0 % (CI 95 % : 9.8–10.2) in nymphs and adult, respectively, collected in active surveillance. A single I. pacificus tick tested positive in active surveillance out of 29 ticks collected in British Columbia, while no B odocoilei-positive I. scapularis were found in passive surveillance among the 11 adult ticks tested. Although B. odocoilei infection prevalence of adult I. scapularis was significantly higher in 2019 (14.1 %) than in 2018 (7.4 %), it remained stable from 2019 to 2021, suggesting that this pathogen may already be well established in endemic tick populations. The results provided in this article represent, to date, the most comprehensive picture of B. odocoilei distribution and prevalence in ticks in Canada and highlight the interest of maintaining One Health surveillance approaches to give added insight into disease transmission cycles for less well-characterized microorganisms.
