Earth System Science Data (Sep 2016)
A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)
- D. C. E. Bakker,
- B. Pfeil,
- C. S. Landa,
- N. Metzl,
- K. M. O'Brien,
- A. Olsen,
- K. Smith,
- C. Cosca,
- S. Harasawa,
- S. D. Jones,
- S.-I. Nakaoka,
- Y. Nojiri,
- U. Schuster,
- T. Steinhoff,
- C. Sweeney,
- T. Takahashi,
- B. Tilbrook,
- C. Wada,
- R. Wanninkhof,
- S. R. Alin,
- C. F. Balestrini,
- L. Barbero,
- N. R. Bates,
- A. A. Bianchi,
- F. Bonou,
- J. Boutin,
- Y. Bozec,
- E. F. Burger,
- W.-J. Cai,
- R. D. Castle,
- L. Chen,
- M. Chierici,
- K. Currie,
- W. Evans,
- C. Featherstone,
- R. A. Feely,
- A. Fransson,
- C. Goyet,
- N. Greenwood,
- L. Gregor,
- S. Hankin,
- N. J. Hardman-Mountford,
- J. Harlay,
- J. Hauck,
- M. Hoppema,
- M. P. Humphreys,
- C. W. Hunt,
- B. Huss,
- J. S. P. Ibánhez,
- T. Johannessen,
- R. Keeling,
- V. Kitidis,
- A. Körtzinger,
- A. Kozyr,
- E. Krasakopoulou,
- A. Kuwata,
- P. Landschützer,
- S. K. Lauvset,
- N. Lefèvre,
- C. Lo Monaco,
- A. Manke,
- J. T. Mathis,
- L. Merlivat,
- F. J. Millero,
- P. M. S. Monteiro,
- D. R. Munro,
- A. Murata,
- T. Newberger,
- A. M. Omar,
- T. Ono,
- K. Paterson,
- D. Pearce,
- D. Pierrot,
- L. L. Robbins,
- S. Saito,
- J. Salisbury,
- R. Schlitzer,
- B. Schneider,
- R. Schweitzer,
- R. Sieger,
- I. Skjelvan,
- K. F. Sullivan,
- S. C. Sutherland,
- A. J. Sutton,
- K. Tadokoro,
- M. Telszewski,
- M. Tuma,
- S. M. A. C. van Heuven,
- D. Vandemark,
- B. Ward,
- A. J. Watson,
- S. Xu
Affiliations
- D. C. E. Bakker
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- B. Pfeil
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- C. S. Landa
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- N. Metzl
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
- K. M. O'Brien
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- A. Olsen
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- K. Smith
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- C. Cosca
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- S. Harasawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- S. D. Jones
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- S.-I. Nakaoka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Y. Nojiri
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- U. Schuster
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- T. Steinhoff
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- C. Sweeney
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- T. Takahashi
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- B. Tilbrook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- C. Wada
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- R. Wanninkhof
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- S. R. Alin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- C. F. Balestrini
- Departemento Oceanografía, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, C1270ABV Buenos Aires, Argentina
- L. Barbero
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- N. R. Bates
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Ferry Reach, St. Georges, GE01, Bermuda
- A. A. Bianchi
- Departemento Oceanografía, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, C1270ABV Buenos Aires, Argentina
- F. Bonou
- Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-550 Recife, Brazil
- J. Boutin
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
- Y. Bozec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (UMR7144), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- E. F. Burger
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- W.-J. Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- R. D. Castle
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- L. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- M. Chierici
- Institute of Marine Research, 9294 Tromsø, Norway
- K. Currie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- W. Evans
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- C. Featherstone
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- R. A. Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- A. Fransson
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
- C. Goyet
- IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan, France
- N. Greenwood
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
- L. Gregor
- Ocean Systems and Climate, CSIR-CHPC, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- S. Hankin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- N. J. Hardman-Mountford
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
- J. Harlay
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Oceanography, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- J. Hauck
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
- M. Hoppema
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
- M. P. Humphreys
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- C. W. Hunt
- Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- B. Huss
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- J. S. P. Ibánhez
- IRD – Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Lago Sul, 71640-230 Brasilia, Brazil
- T. Johannessen
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- R. Keeling
- University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- V. Kitidis
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
- A. Körtzinger
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- A. Kozyr
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6290, USA
- E. Krasakopoulou
- University of the Aegean, Department of Marine Sciences, 81100, Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece
- A. Kuwata
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan
- P. Landschützer
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- S. K. Lauvset
- Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- N. Lefèvre
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
- C. Lo Monaco
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
- A. Manke
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- J. T. Mathis
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- L. Merlivat
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France
- F. J. Millero
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1031, USA
- P. M. S. Monteiro
- Ocean Systems and Climate, CSIR-CHPC, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- D. R. Munro
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA
- A. Murata
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
- T. Newberger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- A. M. Omar
- Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- T. Ono
- National Research Institute for Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
- K. Paterson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- D. Pearce
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
- D. Pierrot
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- L. L. Robbins
- US Geological Survey, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- S. Saito
- Marine Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
- J. Salisbury
- Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- R. Schlitzer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
- B. Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Rostock (Warnemünde), Germany
- R. Schweitzer
- Weathertop Consulting LLC, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- R. Sieger
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
- I. Skjelvan
- Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- K. F. Sullivan
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- S. C. Sutherland
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- A. J. Sutton
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
- K. Tadokoro
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan
- M. Telszewski
- International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
- M. Tuma
- WCRP Joint Planning Staff, World Meteorological Organization, 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland
- S. M. A. C. van Heuven
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1797 SZ 't Horntje, Texel, the Netherlands
- D. Vandemark
- Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- B. Ward
- AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- A. J. Watson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- S. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 8,
no. 2
pp. 383 – 413
Abstract
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.
