Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy: Technique, Indications, Tips and Pitfalls

Abstract

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a diagnostic tool to assess the upper airway of snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients in conditions that mimic natural sleep. Although DISE appears simple and similar to awake endoscopy, there are many aspects that need to be standardized in order to obtain reliable and reproducible information. In this article, we will recommend how to reliably perform DISE, its indications, and how to obtain and interpret the information of the upper airway.

Keywords

• drug-induced sleep endoscopy
• DISE
• sedation
• obstructive sleep apnea
• snoring