Frontiers in Marine Science (May 2019)
From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective
- Pierre Yves Le Traon,
- Antonio Reppucci,
- Enrique Alvarez Fanjul,
- Lotfi Aouf,
- Arno Behrens,
- Maria Belmonte,
- Abderrahim Bentamy,
- Laurent Bertino,
- Vittorio Ernesto Brando,
- Matilde Brandt Kreiner,
- Mounir Benkiran,
- Thierry Carval,
- Stefania A. Ciliberti,
- Hervé Claustre,
- Emanuela Clementi,
- Giovanni Coppini,
- Gianpiero Cossarini,
- Marta De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro,
- Anne Delamarche,
- Gerald Dibarboure,
- Frode Dinessen,
- Marie Drevillon,
- Yann Drillet,
- Yannice Faugere,
- Vicente Fernández,
- Andrew Fleming,
- M. Isabel Garcia-Hermosa,
- Marcos García Sotillo,
- Gilles Garric,
- Florent Gasparin,
- Cedric Giordan,
- Marion Gehlen,
- Marilaure L. Gregoire,
- Stephanie Guinehut,
- Mathieu Hamon,
- Chris Harris,
- Fabrice Hernandez,
- Fabrice Hernandez,
- Jørgen B. Hinkler,
- Jacob Hoyer,
- Juha Karvonen,
- Susan Kay,
- Robert King,
- Thomas Lavergne,
- Benedicte Lemieux-Dudon,
- Leonardo Lima,
- Chongyuan Mao,
- Matthew J. Martin,
- Simona Masina,
- Angelique Melet,
- Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli,
- Glenn Nolan,
- Ananda Pascual,
- Jenny Pistoia,
- Atanas Palazov,
- Jean Francois Piolle,
- Marie Isabelle Pujol,
- Anne Christine Pequignet,
- Elisaveta Peneva,
- Begoña Pérez Gómez,
- Loic Petit de la Villeon,
- Nadia Pinardi,
- Andrea Pisano,
- Sylvie Pouliquen,
- Rebecca Reid,
- Elisabeth Remy,
- Rosalia Santoleri,
- John Siddorn,
- Jun She,
- Joanna Staneva,
- Ad Stoffelen,
- Marina Tonani,
- Luc Vandenbulcke,
- Karina von Schuckmann,
- Gianluca Volpe,
- Cecilie Wettre,
- Anna Zacharioudaki
Affiliations
- Pierre Yves Le Traon
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Antonio Reppucci
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Enrique Alvarez Fanjul
- Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain
- Lotfi Aouf
- Meteo France, Toulouse, France
- Arno Behrens
- Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG), Hamburg, Germany
- Maria Belmonte
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, Netherlands
- Abderrahim Bentamy
- Ifremer, Brest, France
- Laurent Bertino
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC), Bergen, Norway
- Vittorio Ernesto Brando
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Matilde Brandt Kreiner
- Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhaguen, Denmark
- Mounir Benkiran
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Thierry Carval
- Ifremer, Brest, France
- Stefania A. Ciliberti
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Hervé Claustre
- 1LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- Emanuela Clementi
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Giovanni Coppini
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Gianpiero Cossarini
- 2National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy
- Marta De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro
- Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain
- Anne Delamarche
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Gerald Dibarboure
- 3Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France
- Frode Dinessen
- 4Met.No, Oslo, Norway
- Marie Drevillon
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Yann Drillet
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Yannice Faugere
- 5Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Vicente Fernández
- 6EuroGOOS, Brussels, Belgium
- Andrew Fleming
- 7British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Cambridge, United Kingdom
- M. Isabel Garcia-Hermosa
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Marcos García Sotillo
- Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain
- Gilles Garric
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Florent Gasparin
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Cedric Giordan
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Marion Gehlen
- 8LSCE/IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Marilaure L. Gregoire
- 9Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Stephanie Guinehut
- 5Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Mathieu Hamon
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Chris Harris
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Fabrice Hernandez
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Fabrice Hernandez
- 1IRD/Legos, Toulouse, France
- Jørgen B. Hinkler
- Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhaguen, Denmark
- Jacob Hoyer
- Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhaguen, Denmark
- Juha Karvonen
- 2Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
- Susan Kay
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Robert King
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Thomas Lavergne
- 4Met.No, Oslo, Norway
- Benedicte Lemieux-Dudon
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Leonardo Lima
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Chongyuan Mao
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Matthew J. Martin
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Simona Masina
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Angelique Melet
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Glenn Nolan
- 6EuroGOOS, Brussels, Belgium
- Ananda Pascual
- 3Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Esporles, Spain
- Jenny Pistoia
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Atanas Palazov
- 4Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IOBAS), Varna, Bulgaria
- Jean Francois Piolle
- Ifremer, Brest, France
- Marie Isabelle Pujol
- 5Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Anne Christine Pequignet
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Elisaveta Peneva
- 5Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Begoña Pérez Gómez
- Puertos del Estado, Madrid, Spain
- Loic Petit de la Villeon
- Ifremer, Brest, France
- Nadia Pinardi
- 0Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
- Andrea Pisano
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Sylvie Pouliquen
- Ifremer, Brest, France
- Rebecca Reid
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Elisabeth Remy
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Rosalia Santoleri
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- John Siddorn
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Jun She
- Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhaguen, Denmark
- Joanna Staneva
- Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG), Hamburg, Germany
- Ad Stoffelen
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, Netherlands
- Marina Tonani
- 0Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Luc Vandenbulcke
- 9Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Karina von Schuckmann
- Mercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
- Gianluca Volpe
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Cecilie Wettre
- 4Met.No, Oslo, Norway
- Anna Zacharioudaki
- 6Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Athens, Greece
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00234
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 6
Abstract
The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.
Keywords