Characterization of <i>SOD</i> and <i>GPX</i> Gene Families in the Soybeans in Response to Drought and Salinity Stresses
Muqadas Aleem,
Saba Aleem,
Iram Sharif,
Zhiyi Wu,
Maida Aleem,
Ammara Tahir,
Rana Muhammad Atif,
Hafiza Masooma Naseer Cheema,
Amir Shakeel,
Sun Lei,
Deyue Yu,
Hui Wang,
Prashant Kaushik,
Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni,
Javaid Akhter Bhat,
Parvaiz Ahmad
Affiliations
Muqadas Aleem
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Saba Aleem
Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang 43350, Pakistan
Iram Sharif
Cotton Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Zhiyi Wu
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Maida Aleem
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Ammara Tahir
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Rana Muhammad Atif
Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Hafiza Masooma Naseer Cheema
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Amir Shakeel
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Sun Lei
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Deyue Yu
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Hui Wang
National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Prashant Kaushik
Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12546, Saudi Arabia
Javaid Akhter Bhat
International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Parvaiz Ahmad
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12546, Saudi Arabia
Plant stresses causing accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) are scavenged by effective antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the present study performed genome-wide identification of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene families in cultivated and wild soybeans, and 11 other legume species. We identified a total of 101 and 95 genes of SOD and GPX, respectively, across thirteen legume species. The highest numbers of SODs and GPXs were identified in cultivated (Glycine max) and wild (Glycine soja). A comparative phylogenetic study revealed highest homology among the SODs and GPXs of cultivated and wild soybeans relative to other legumes. The exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks were conserved in both soybean species. According to Ka/Ks, purifying the selection played the major evolutionary role in these gene families, and segmental duplication are major driving force for SODs and GPXs expansion. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis of the G. max and G. soja SOD and GPX genes revealed significant differential expression of these genes in response to oxidative, drought and salinity stresses in root tissue. In conclusion, our study provides new insights for the evolution of SOD and GPX gene families in legumes, and provides resources for further functional characterization of these genes for multiple stresses.
