Magnetically retrievable nanocatalyst Fe3O4@CPTMO@dithizone-Ni for the fabrication of 4H-benzo[h]chromenes under green medium

Abstract

Abstract In the research, the core–shell procedure synthesized a novel magnetically separable heterogeneous nanocatalyst with high stability named Fe3O4@CPTMO@dithizone-Ni. In this method, Fe3O4 was modified as a magnetic core using surfactant (SDS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating; after functionalizing the magnetic nanoparticles with 3-chloropropyl-tri-methoxysilane and dithizone, Ni metal was immobilized. The prepared catalyst was identified and specified utilizing diverse physicochemical techniques involving FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EMA, BET, ICP, EDS, TGA, Raman, and TEM. In the following, to vouch for the efficiency of the obtaining catalyst for the green synthesis of 4H-benzo[h]chromenes utilizing the three-component, one-pot condensation reaction of α-naphthol, aryl glyoxal, and malononitrile as precursors were evaluated. The catalyst exhibited high recyclability with a slight reduction in activity at least eight series without a substantial decrease in stability and efficiency. The synthesized nanocatalyst was evaluated in various conditions such as different solvents, etc. the best of these conditions is the initial concentration of 30 mg of nanocatalyst with water as a solvent in 3 min with 98% yield. The prominent merits of the present research include easy separation of the catalyst without centrifugation, high-accessible raw precursors, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, green reaction status, quick reaction, and excellent product yields.