Kultúrna krajina v reflexii krajinnej architektúry/Cultural Landscape Reflection on Landscape Architecture

Abstract

Landscape architecture has a historical background based on ornamental and symbolic gardens in ancient times and on formal geometric gardens in the middle Ages when Renaissance and Baroque palaces and parks were particularly distinguished. The natural landscaping style that originated in England in the 18th century heralded a new approach in park and landscape creation based on the features and values of the natural environment. This provided the foundation for shaping landscape architecture at the turn of the 20th century. Landscape architecture as scientific and professional creative programme, in the current definition, is a set of activities in all types of landscape, from the residential garden, through the city park to the modifications in the wider landscape created by the use of natural elements and human artefacts in terms of principles of composition, aesthetics and contemporary style. In the open countryside it also applies the principle of ecological stability and support of biodiversity. The product of landscape architecture is a cultural work and cultural landscape. In shaping the cultural landscape with its current content, various economic activities such as mining, agriculture, construction, water management and transport have been involved from the past to the present, as well as activities with religious content: including calvary and the pilgrim routes and sites. This article compares the content of the landscape architectural profession and the various socioeconomic activities that result in composed landscapes or other types of cultural landscape.

Keywords

• landscape architecture
• cultural landscape
• context and relations