Temperature driven structural-memory-effects in carbon nanotubes filled with Fe3C nano crystals

Abstract

We report the observation of novel temperature-driven structural-memory-effects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled with Fe _3 C nano-crystals. These structural-transitions were measured by means of temperature (T) dependent x-ray diffraction (XRD) in the T-range from 298 K to 12 K. A clear reversible 2 θ -shift in the 002-peak of the graphitic-CNTs-walls is found with the decrease of the temperature. As determined by Rietveld refinement, such 2 θ -shift translates in a not previously reported decrease in the value of the CNT graphitic c -axis with the decrease of the temperature (from 298 K to 12 K). Also, a clear reversible 2 θ -shift in the 031 and 131 diffraction-peaks of Fe _3 C is observed within the same T-range. Rietveld refinements confirm the existence of such memory-effect and also reveal a gradual decrease of the 010-axis of Fe _3 C with the decrease of the temperature. These observations imply that the observed structural-memory-effect is a characteristic of CNTs when Fe _3 C is the encapsulated ferromagnet. The generality of such memory-effects was further confirmed by additional measurements performed on other types of CNTs characterized by continuous Fe _3 C-filling. XRD measurements in the T-range from 298 K to 673 K revealed also an unusual reversible decrease of the Fe _3 C-peak intensities with the increase of the temperature. These observations can have important implications on the magnetic data recording applications of these nanostructures by helping in better understanding the unusual temperature-dependent magnetic instabilities of iron-based nano-crystals which have been recently reported in literature.

Keywords

• carbon nanotubes
• Fe3C
• structural memory effect