Distinct SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments activate Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 and induce cytokine release from human macrophages and microglia

• Thomas Wallach,
• Martin Raden,
• Lukas Hinkelmann,
• Mariam Brehm,
• Dominik Rabsch,
• Hannah Weidling,
• Hannah Weidling,
• Christina Krüger,
• Helmut Kettenmann,
• Rolf Backofen,
• Rolf Backofen,
• Seija Lehnardt,
• Seija Lehnardt

Affiliations

Thomas Wallach

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Martin Raden

Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Lukas Hinkelmann

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Mariam Brehm

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Dominik Rabsch

Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Hannah Weidling

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Hannah Weidling

Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany

Christina Krüger

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Helmut Kettenmann

Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany

Rolf Backofen

Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Rolf Backofen

Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Seija Lehnardt

Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Seija Lehnardt

Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany