Frontiers in Neuroscience (Jan 2020)
A Review of ex vivo Elemental Mapping Methods to Directly Image Changes in the Homeostasis of Diffusible Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl–) Within Brain Tissue
- David Hartnell,
- David Hartnell,
- David Hartnell,
- Wendy Andrews,
- Wendy Andrews,
- Wendy Andrews,
- Nicole Smith,
- Haibo Jiang,
- Erin McAllum,
- Ramesh Rajan,
- Frederick Colbourne,
- Frederick Colbourne,
- Melinda Fitzgerald,
- Melinda Fitzgerald,
- Melinda Fitzgerald,
- Virginie Lam,
- Virginie Lam,
- Ryusuke Takechi,
- Ryusuke Takechi,
- M. Jake Pushie,
- Michael E. Kelly,
- Mark J. Hackett,
- Mark J. Hackett,
- Mark J. Hackett
Affiliations
- David Hartnell
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- David Hartnell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- David Hartnell
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wendy Andrews
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wendy Andrews
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wendy Andrews
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Nicole Smith
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Haibo Jiang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Erin McAllum
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ramesh Rajan
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada
- Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Melinda Fitzgerald
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Melinda Fitzgerald
- 0Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Virginie Lam
- 1School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ryusuke Takechi
- 1School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- M. Jake Pushie
- 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Michael E. Kelly
- 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Mark J. Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01415
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
Diffusible ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl–) are vital for healthy function of all cells, especially brain cells. Unfortunately, the diffusible nature of these ions renders them difficult to study with traditional microscopy in situ within ex vivo brain tissue sections. This mini-review examines the recent progress in the field, using direct elemental mapping techniques to study ion homeostasis during normal brain physiology and pathophysiology, through measurement of ion distribution and concentration in ex vivo brain tissue sections. The mini-review examines the advantages and limitations of specific techniques: proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the sample preparation requirements to study diffusible ions with these methods.
Keywords
