The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and Its Defective RNA ThHV1-S on the Antifungal Activity and Metabolome of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51

Jiaqi You; Zheng Hu; Chaohan Li; Hongjuan Yang; Lihua Zhu; Biting Cao; Ronghao Song; Weihong Gu

doi:10.3390/jof9020175

Journal of Fungi (Jan 2023)

The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and Its Defective RNA ThHV1-S on the Antifungal Activity and Metabolome of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51

Jiaqi You,
Zheng Hu,
Chaohan Li,
Hongjuan Yang,
Lihua Zhu,
Biting Cao,
Ronghao Song,
Weihong Gu

Affiliations

Jiaqi You: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Zheng Hu: Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
Chaohan Li: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Hongjuan Yang: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Lihua Zhu: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Biting Cao: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Ronghao Song: Plant Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
Weihong Gu: Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201106, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020175
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 2
p. 175

Abstract

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Mycoviruses widely exist in filamentous fungi and sometimes cause phenotypic changes in hosts. Trichoderma harzianum hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and its defective RNA ThHV1-S were found in T. harzianum and exhibited high transmissibility. In our previous study, ThHV1 and ThHV1-S were transferred to an excellent biological control agent T. koningiopsis T-51 to form a derivative strain 51-13. In this study, we assessed the metabolic changes in strain 51-13 and antifungal activity of its culture filtrate (CF) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The antifungal activity of CF and VOCs of T-51 and 51-13 was different. Compared with the CF of T-51, that of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum but low inhibitory activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa and Villosiclava virens. The VOCs of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum but low inhibitory activity against B. cinerea. The transcriptomes of T-51 and 51-13 were compared; 5531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 51-13 with 2904 up- and 2627 downregulated genes. In KEGG enrichment analysis, 1127 DEGs related to metabolic pathways (57.53%) and 396 DEGs related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (20.21%) were clearly enriched. From the CF of T-51 and 51-13, 134 differential secondary metabolites (DSMs) were detected between T-51 and 51-13 with 39 up- and 95 downregulated metabolites. From these, 13 upregulated metabolites were selected to test their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among them, indole-3-lactic acid and p-coumaric acid methyl ester (MeCA) exhibited strong antifungal activity. The IC50 of MeCA was 657.35 μM and four genes possibly related to the synthesis of MeCA exhibited higher expression in 51-13 than in T-51. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the increase in antifungal activity of T-51 because of the mycovirus and provided novel insights in fungal engineering to obtain bioactive metabolites via mycoviruses.

Published in Journal of Fungi

ISSN: 2309-608X (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Biology (General)
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/jof

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