FEATURES OF AMBIENT INTERLEUKIN LEVELS IN BLOOD PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is the sixth most commonly reported complication of diabetes and may have an increased effect on the systemic levels of cytokines in such patients. It has been established that the level of glycemia affects the severity of periodontitis, in particular, in patients with type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin levels, bone loss increases by more than 9 %. Conversely, severe periodontitis can also affect the course of diabetes. It have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes and generalized periodontitis has higher incidence of complications such as nephropathy and ischemic heart disease. In fact, this indicates a two-way connection between diabetes and periodontal disease, although the mechanisms of this connection are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to find out the changes in the content of anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-4 and IL-10) in serum of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, type 2 diabetes and their combination. It was investigated 68 patients with a clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who were in the endocrinological and therapeutic departments of the Ternopil hospitals (32 of them suffered from concomitant periodontitis), as well as 32 patients with confirmed chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP). The patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups: the 1st - 20 persons of control group, 2nd - 36 patients with type 2 diabetes, 3rd - 32 patients with CGP and Group 4 - 32 patients with type 2 DM and CGP. It was use an immunoenzyme analysis to determine the level of interleukins 4 and 10 (IL-4 and IL-10) in serum. The results of the conducted studies indicate the same type of changes in the concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukins in the studied groups. Thus, the concentration of IL-4 in group 2 was not statistically significantly different from that of controls, while in group 3 it was lower by 1.5 times and in group 4 by 3.0 times vs group 1 (p<0.001). The change in the concentration of IL-10 had a similar dynamics. Thus, the level of IL-10 in group 2 was not statistically significantly different from control, while in group 3 it was lower by 1.2 times and in group 4 - by 2.5 times, relation to group 1 (p<0.001). It should be noted that the concentration of the studied anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes did not significantly differ from the control results.Comparing the obtained changes in the concentration of IL-4, its lowest value was also established in patients of the 4th group with CGP on the background of DM, type 2, which was lower by 60.9% of the results of group 2 and by 33.4%, respectively, of 3 group (p<0.001). Changes of IL-4 concentration were also characterized by the lowest values in the 4th group with CSF on the background of CD, type 2, which was lower by 56.7% of the results of the second group and by 40.6%, respectively, of the 3rd groups (p <0,001). The results of the conducted studies indicate that the decrease in the concentration of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic generalized periodontitis will lead to dysfunction of the humoral and cellular adaptive immune response.

Keywords

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• chronic periodontitis
• interleukins