Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image Based on Bit-Plane Redundancy of Prediction Error

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding scheme in an encrypted image based on bit-plane redundancy of prediction error. The scheme greatly improves the embedding capacity while maintaining lossless image recovery and error-free secret data extraction. Firstly, the original image is preprocessed to obtain the prediction error image. After the error matrix is divided into blocks, the corresponding block type is obtained. Secondly, the predicted error image is encrypted with stream cipher and the encryption matrix blocks are scrambled to ensure the security of the scheme. Finally, after embedding the block type value into the encrypted image, the spare room corresponding to each block was obtained, which was used to embed the secret data. The scheme makes full use of the spatial correlation of the pixels in the block, so it improves the embedding rate. By selecting 100 images in each dataset of BOSSbase and BOWS-2, when the block size is 3×3, the average embedding rate of our scheme can reach 3.56 bpp and 3.81 bpp, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is better than the other schemes with similar properties.

Keywords

• reversible data hiding
• encrypted image
• prediction error
• error matrix