Phenology of Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx punctata in agroforestry systems in the eastern Amazon

Abstract

The phenology of trees in agroforestry systems is important for predicting the management and collection of timber and nontimber resources. This study describes the phenological stages of Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx punctata in agroforestry systems, assessing climatic factors that may affect the phenophases of the species. The study was conducted in plantations in Mojuí dos Campos city, Pará State, Brazil. In each area, 45 trees were monitored, totaling 90 individuals. Observations lasted 25 months (Oct/2015 to Dec/2017). The phenophases evaluated monthly were flowering, fruiting, new leaves, and leaf fall. Data were collected for dendrometric characterization of the trees, as well as climatic variables including rainfall, temperature, humidity, and insolation for the period. For the analysis of phenological data, the intensity, frequency, synchrony, and duration of phenophases were described for each species. The influence of climatic factors on the phenophases was analyzed through multivariate principal component analysis aiming to select the essential variables for phenological studies in the species plantations, as well as to identify correlations. The results indicate phenological seasonality for the two species under study. Species Dipteryx odorata has low synchrony for phenological events. For Dipteryx punctata, the phenophases are synchronous. High correlations between phenological and climatic variables must be evaluated individually for each species, as they have different periods of phenophase manifestation.

Keywords

• eastern amazon
• tree species
• cumaru
• seasonality