Известия Томского политехнического университета: Инжиниринг георесурсов (Jan 2020)
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS FOR CHOOSING THE PLACE OF TRANSPORT CROSSING «CONTINENT–SAKHALIN»
Abstract
The geostrategic position of Russia in the Asia-Pacific region is determined by the level of economic, social and political development on the territory of Far East. The prospects for its improvement in view of modern realities and trends cannot be imagined without the development of transport and economic connections between the subjects, including Sakhalin Island and the mainland. The transcontinental transport market within the international transport corridors is huge positive potential for development of the regions of the Far East, Siberia and the whole Russia. The decision to develop the transport infrastructure of the outskirts at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation will demonstrate the State attitude to its Far Eastern territory and outline its positions in the Asia-Pacific region. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to develop design solutions for selection of possible options for organization of sustainable year-round transport links between the mainland and Sakhalin for development of the resource potential of adjacent territories. The final choice of the location and type of construction, which will ensure uninterrupted transportation by rail and road through the Tatar Strait, can be made only after thorough analysis of the advantages of any of them, depending on natural conditions. The aim of the research is to analyze the results of geological and geomorphological studies in the Nevelskogo Strait (narrowest part of the Tatar Strait) to select the location of the transport crossing. Materials and methods of the research. The information basis for the study was cartographic materials, earth remote sensing data, seismic profiles, other data obtained as a result of engineering and scientific research, in which the authors participated, as well as information from literary sources. Mapping in the geographic information environment allowed updating geological maps, applying new data on faults, clarifying the boundaries of stratigraphic strata. In geomorphological studies, a system-morphological approach was used, which makes it possible to assess the geomorphological risk. The available information was used to model the processes in the Strait applying GIS technologies. The authors performed geological work for study of the leading line «Novy» in 2001. The most part of the information is published for the first time. As result of the studies of geological structure of the coastal territory and the bottom of the Nevelsky Strait, conducted during the research to justify the project of a bridge or tunnel transition from the mainland to Sakhalin (including those with the participation of the authors), it was revealed that the rift structure of the Nevelsky Strait consists of blocks of the earth's crust, dissected by deep faults. The territory is classified as an area where seismic shocks are possible at 7–8 points on the MSK-64 scale. The retreat of the mainland coast is highly dependent on the strength of the rocks. The intensity of abrasion of Nevelsky Cape, established according to the space surveys, did not exceed 1 m per 100 years, so leading line of the designed facilities on the construction shore is advisable to start from the coastal ledges (cliffs), which are composed of lava and pyroclastic deposits of basalt and andesite composition with massive texture (Nevelsky, Ekaterina, Muravyov capes etc.). On the Sakhalin coast, the construction can be brought to the coastal ledge of Lakh Cape (it is least susceptible to erosion). Preliminary results of the study of geological conditions have shown that the construction of a bridge of class I seismic resistance across the Strait is possible. The most calm in seismic respect is the leading line «Novy» (Nevelsky Cape – Lakh Cape). The obtained geomorphological data indicate that in this range the erosion of coastal ledges is minimal – first centimeters per year (during the observation period of 1 cm/year). Geological-geomorphological conditions will not have serious obstacles in the construction of the object along the line between these capes.
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