Meta-Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Several Population Bottlenecks during Worldwide Migrations of Cattle
Johannes A. Lenstra,
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan,
Albano Beja-Pereira,
Ruth Bollongino,
Daniel G. Bradley,
Licia Colli,
Anna De Gaetano,
Ceiridwen J. Edwards,
Marleen Felius,
Luca Ferretti,
Catarina Ginja,
Peter Hristov,
Juha Kantanen,
Juan Pedro Lirón,
David A. Magee,
Riccardo Negrini,
Georgi A. Radoslavov
Affiliations
Johannes A. Lenstra
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Zootechnics and BioDNA-Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Center, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
Albano Beja-Pereira
Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto (CIBIO/UP), Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
Ruth Bollongino
Institute of Anthropology, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 7, Mainz 55128, Germany
Daniel G. Bradley
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Licia Colli
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Zootechnics and BioDNA-Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Center, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
Anna De Gaetano
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
Ceiridwen J. Edwards
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Marleen Felius
Mauritsstraat 167, Rotterdam 3012 CH, The Netherlands
Luca Ferretti
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
Catarina Ginja
Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
Peter Hristov
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, "Acad. Georgi Bonchev" str., bl. 25, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Juha Kantanen
Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland and Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
Juan Pedro Lirón
CIGEBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
David A. Magee
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Riccardo Negrini
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Zootechnics and BioDNA-Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Center, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza 29122, Italy
Georgi A. Radoslavov
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, "Acad. Georgi Bonchev" str., bl. 25, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Several studies have investigated the differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Eurasian, African and American cattle as well as archaeological bovine material. A global survey of these studies shows that haplogroup distributions are more stable in time than in space. All major migrations of cattle have shifted the haplogroup distributions considerably with a reduction of the number of haplogroups and/or an expansion of haplotypes that are rare or absent in the ancestral populations. The most extreme case is the almost exclusive colonization of Africa by the T1 haplogroup, which is rare in Southwest Asian cattle. In contrast, ancient samples invariably show continuity with present-day cattle from the same location. These findings indicate strong maternal founder effects followed by limited maternal gene flow when new territories are colonized. However, effects of adaptation to new environments may also play a role.
