ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERI-IMPLANTITIS FOLLOWING DENTAL IMPLANTATION

Abstract

Introduction. Dental implants have been used in dentistry for over 50 years. The success of dental implant placement depends on the patient’s overall health, the implant placement technique, the skill and experience of the implantologist, and post-operative care. However, dental implantation is associated with potential risks, including complications such as peri-implantitis. The factors contributing to peri-implantitis remain insufficiently studied. Aim. To conduct a detailed analysis and systematization of endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the development of peri-implantitis after dental implantation, based on a review of the literature. Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Crossref, and Google Scholar for the period 2016–2024. Results. Peri-implantitis is one of the most pressing issues in dentistry. Despite numerous studies, accurate statistics on the prevalence of peri-implantitis remain unclear. Patients with inflammatory periodontal conditions post-implantation exhibit specific microbiocenosis features. Among microbial complexes significant for periodontal disease, certain Streptococcus species play a vital role in maintaining normal oral microbiocenosis. Peri-implantitis may develop due to various factors, with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum being the most common pathogens. However, the composition of microbiocenosis varies depending on individual patient characteristics. Conclusions. The literature analysis reveals that the incidence of peri-implantitis ranges from 10% to 50% over a 10-year period following implantation. The role of microbiota in the development of inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues post-implantation is significant. Peri-implantitis is characterized by high bacterial diversity and elevated concentrations of microorganisms in biological samples.

Keywords

• dentistry
• implant
• periodontal tissues
• peri-implantitis
• microbiota
• immunity
• microorganisms