Frontiers in Science (Oct 2024)
Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: new insights into a warming world
- Matthew Collins,
- Jonathan D. Beverley,
- Jonathan D. Beverley,
- Jonathan D. Beverley,
- Thomas J. Bracegirdle,
- Jennifer Catto,
- Michelle McCrystall,
- Michelle McCrystall,
- Andrea Dittus,
- Nicolas Freychet,
- Jeremy Grist,
- Gabriele C. Hegerl,
- Paul R. Holland,
- Caroline Holmes,
- Simon A. Josey,
- Manoj Joshi,
- Ed Hawkins,
- Eunice Lo,
- Natalie Lord,
- Dann Mitchell,
- Paul-Arthur Monerie,
- Matthew D. K. Priestley,
- Adam Scaife,
- Adam Scaife,
- James Screen,
- Natasha Senior,
- David Sexton,
- Emily Shuckburgh,
- Stefan Siegert,
- Charles Simpson,
- David B. Stephenson,
- Rowan Sutton,
- Vikki Thompson,
- Vikki Thompson,
- Laura J. Wilcox,
- Tim Woollings
Affiliations
- Matthew Collins
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Jonathan D. Beverley
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Jonathan D. Beverley
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Jonathan D. Beverley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, CO, United States
- Thomas J. Bracegirdle
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Jennifer Catto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Michelle McCrystall
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Michelle McCrystall
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Andrea Dittus
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Nicolas Freychet
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Jeremy Grist
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Gabriele C. Hegerl
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Paul R. Holland
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Caroline Holmes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Simon A. Josey
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Manoj Joshi
- 0Climate Research Unit (CRU), University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Ed Hawkins
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Eunice Lo
- 1School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Natalie Lord
- 1School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Dann Mitchell
- 1School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Paul-Arthur Monerie
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Matthew D. K. Priestley
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Adam Scaife
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Adam Scaife
- 2Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- James Screen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Natasha Senior
- 0Climate Research Unit (CRU), University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- David Sexton
- 2Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Emily Shuckburgh
- 3Cambridge Zero, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Stefan Siegert
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Charles Simpson
- 4Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- David B. Stephenson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Rowan Sutton
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Vikki Thompson
- 1School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Vikki Thompson
- 5Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laura J. Wilcox
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Tim Woollings
- 6Atmosphere Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2024.1340323
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 2
Abstract
The reality of human-induced climate change is unequivocal and exerts an ever-increasing global impact. Access to the latest scientific information on current climate change and projection of future trends is important for planning adaptation measures and for informing international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Identification of hazards and risks may be used to assess vulnerability, determine limits to adaptation, and enhance resilience to climate change. This article highlights how recent research programs are continuing to elucidate current processes and advance projections across major climate systems and identifies remaining knowledge gaps. Key findings include projected future increases in monsoon rainfall, resulting from a changing balance between the rainfall-reducing effect of aerosols and rainfall-increasing GHGs; a strengthening of the storm track in the North Atlantic; an increase in the fraction of precipitation that falls as rain at both poles; an increase in the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, along with changes in ENSO teleconnections to North America and Europe; and an increase in the frequency of hazardous hot-humid extremes. These changes have the potential to increase risks to both human and natural systems. Nevertheless, these risks may be reduced via urgent, science-led adaptation and resilience measures and by reductions in GHGs.
Keywords
