Energy Transfer through a Magnetized Williamson Hybrid Nanofluid Flowing around a Spherical Surface: Numerical Simulation

Abstract

A computational simulation of Williamson fluid flowing around a spherical shape in the case of natural convection is carried out. The Lorentz force and constant wall temperature are taken into consideration. In addition, upgrader heat transfer catalysts consisting of multi-walled carbon tubes, molybdenum disulfide, graphene oxide, and molybdenum disulfide are employed. The Keller box approach is used to solve the mathematical model governing the flow of hybrid Williamson fluid. To validate our findings, the key parameters in the constructed model are set to zero. Next, the extent of the agreement between our results and published results is observed. Numerical and graphical results that simulate the impressions of key parameters on physical quantities related to energy transmission are obtained, discussed, and analyzed. According to the results of this study, increasing the value of the Weissenberg number causes an increase in both the fluid temperature and drag force, while it also leads to a decrease in both the velocity of the fluid and the rate of energy transmission. Increasing the magnetic field intensity leads to a reduction in the rate of heat transfer, drag force, and fluid velocity while it has an appositive effect on temperature profiles.

Keywords

• free convection
• hybrid Williamson nanofluid
• magnetized host fluid
• spherical surface
• Tiwari–Das model