Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia (Dec 2006)
Lobectomia por carcinoma brônquico: análise das co-morbidades e seu impacto na morbimortalidade pós-operatória Lobectomy for treating bronchial carcinoma: analysis of comorbidities and their impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto das co-morbidades no desempenho pós-operatório de lobectomia por carcinoma brônquico. MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se retrospectivamente 493 pacientes submetidos a lobectomia por carcinoma brônquico e 305 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A técnica cirúrgica foi sempre semelhante. Analisaram-se as co-morbidades categorizando-se os pacientes nas escalas de Torrington-Henderson e de Charlson, estabelecendo-se grupos de risco para complicações e óbito. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade operatória foi de 2,9% e o índice de complicações de 44%. O escape aéreo prolongado foi a complicação mais freqüente (20,6%). A análise univariada mostrou que sexo, idade, tabagismo, terapia neo-adjuvante e diabetes apresentaram impacto significativo na incidência de complicações. O índice de massa corporal (23,8 ± 4,4 kg/m²), volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (74,1 ± 24%) e relação entre volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e capacidade vital forçada (0,65 ± 0,1) foram fatores preditivos da ocorrência de complicações. As escalas foram eficazes na identificação de grupos de risco e na relação com a morbimortalidade (p = 0,001 e p OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact that comorbidities have on the postoperative outcomes in patients submitted to lobectomy for the treatment of bronchial carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective study of 493 patients submitted to lobectomy for the treatment of bronchial carcinoma was conducted, and 305 of those patients met the criteria for inclusion in the final study sample. The surgical technique used was similar in all cases. The Torrington-Henderson scale and the Charlson scale were used to analyze comorbidities and to categorize patients into groups based on degree of risk for postoperative complications or death. RESULTS: The postoperative (30-day) mortality rate was 2.9%, and the postoperative complications index was 44%. Prolonged air leakage was the most common complication (in 20.6%). The univariate analysis revealed that gender, age, smoking, neoadjuvant therapy and diabetes all had a significant impact on the incidence of complications. The factors found to be predictive of complications were body mass index (23.8 ± 4.4), forced expiratory volume in one second (74.1 ± 24%) and the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (0.65 ± 0.1). The scales employed proved efficacious in the identification of the risk groups, as well as in drawing correlations with morbidity and mortality (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, body mass index and the Charlson index were found to be the principal determinants of complications. In addition, prolonged air leakage was found to be the principal factor involved in mortality (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Reductions in forced expiratory volume in one second, in the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity, and in body mass index, as well as a Charlson score of 3 or 4 and a Torrington-Henderson score of 3, were associated with a greater number of postoperative complications in patients submitted to lobectomy for the treatment of bronchial carcinoma. Air leakage was found to be strongly associated with mortality.
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