The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis
Nicoleta Bianca Tudorachi,
Eugenia Eftimie Totu,
Adrian Fifere,
Valeriu Ardeleanu,
Veronica Mocanu,
Cornelia Mircea,
Ibrahim Isildak,
Katarina Smilkov,
Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
Affiliations
Nicoleta Bianca Tudorachi
Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania
Eugenia Eftimie Totu
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–5 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
Adrian Fifere
Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
Valeriu Ardeleanu
Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania
Veronica Mocanu
Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Cornelia Mircea
Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Ibrahim Isildak
Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
Katarina Smilkov
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Pharmacy, Department of Applied Pharmacy, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov Street, No. 10-A, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Nicolae Leon” Building, 13 Grigore Ghica Street, 700259 Iasi, Romania
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient’s quality of life. The pathophysiology is not fully known; therefore, no specific treatment has been found to date. The increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of KOA is worrying, and it is essential to reduce the risk factors and detect those with a protective role in this context. The destructive effects of free radicals consist of the acceleration of chondrosenescence and apoptosis. Among other risk factors, the influence of redox imbalance on the homeostasis of the osteoarticular system is highlighted. The evolution of KOA can be correlated with oxidative stress markers or antioxidant status. These factors reveal the importance of maintaining a redox balance for the joints and the whole body’s health, emphasizing the importance of an individualized therapeutic approach based on antioxidant effects. This paper aims to present an updated picture of the implications of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KOA from pathophysiological and biochemical perspectives, focusing on antioxidant systems that could establish the premises for appropriate treatment to restore the redox balance and improve the condition of patients with KOA.
