Polypolar lemniscate coordinate system

Abstract

The polypolar coordinate system, as well as classical polar, characterizes a point on a plane by polar radius and polar angle , but utilizes multiple poles instead of one pole. Such referencing can be provided by a class of multifocal lemniscates. The family of isometric curves =const - lemniscates - and family of gradient curves =const are mutually orthogonal conjugate families.

Keywords

• polypolar coordinate system