The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
Measurement and Modeling of Polarized Atmosphere at the South Pole with SPT-3G
- A. Coerver,
- J. A. Zebrowski,
- S. Takakura,
- W. L. Holzapfel,
- P. A. R. Ade,
- A. J. Anderson,
- Z. Ahmed,
- B. Ansarinejad,
- M. Archipley,
- L. Balkenhol,
- D. Barron,
- K. Benabed,
- A. N. Bender,
- B. A. Benson,
- F. Bianchini,
- L. E. Bleem,
- F. R. Bouchet,
- L. Bryant,
- E. Camphuis,
- J. E. Carlstrom,
- T. W. Cecil,
- C. L. Chang,
- P. Chaubal,
- P. M. Chichura,
- A. Chokshi,
- T.-L. Chou,
- T. M. Crawford,
- A. Cukierman,
- C. Daley,
- T. de Haan,
- K. R. Dibert,
- M. A. Dobbs,
- A. Doussot,
- D. Dutcher,
- W. Everett,
- C. Feng,
- K. R. Ferguson,
- K. Fichman,
- A. Foster,
- S. Galli,
- A. E. Gambrel,
- R. W. Gardner,
- F. Ge,
- N. Goeckner-Wald,
- R. Gualtieri,
- F. Guidi,
- S. Guns,
- N. W. Halverson,
- E. Hivon,
- G. P. Holder,
- J. C. Hood,
- A. Hryciuk,
- N. Huang,
- F. Kéruzoré,
- A. R. Khalife,
- L. Knox,
- M. Korman,
- K. Kornoelje,
- C.-L. Kuo,
- A. T. Lee,
- K. Levy,
- A. E. Lowitz,
- C. Lu,
- A. Maniyar,
- E. S. Martsen,
- F. Menanteau,
- M. Millea,
- J. Montgomery,
- Y. Nakato,
- T. Natoli,
- G. I. Noble,
- V. Novosad,
- Y. Omori,
- S. Padin,
- Z. Pan,
- P. Paschos,
- K. A. Phadke,
- A. W. Pollak,
- K. Prabhu,
- W. Quan,
- M. Rahimi,
- A. Rahlin,
- C. L. Reichardt,
- M. Rouble,
- J. E. Ruhl,
- E. Schiappucci,
- G. Smecher,
- J. A. Sobrin,
- A. A. Stark,
- J. Stephen,
- A. Suzuki,
- C. Tandoi,
- K. L. Thompson,
- B. Thorne,
- C. Trendafilova,
- C. Tucker,
- C. Umilta,
- J. D. Vieira,
- A. Vitrier,
- Y. Wan,
- G. Wang,
- N. Whitehorn,
- W. L. K. Wu,
- V. Yefremenko,
- M. R. Young
Affiliations
- A. Coerver
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- J. A. Zebrowski
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- S. Takakura
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP) , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- W. L. Holzapfel
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- P. A. R. Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 3YB, UK
- A. J. Anderson
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Z. Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- B. Ansarinejad
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- M. Archipley
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- L. Balkenhol
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- D. Barron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- K. Benabed
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- A. N. Bender
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- B. A. Benson
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- F. Bianchini
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- L. E. Bleem
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- F. R. Bouchet
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- L. Bryant
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- E. Camphuis
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- J. E. Carlstrom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- T. W. Cecil
- ORCiD
- High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- C. L. Chang
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- P. Chaubal
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- P. M. Chichura
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Chokshi
- University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- T.-L. Chou
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- T. M. Crawford
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Cukierman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- C. Daley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- T. de Haan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- K. R. Dibert
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- M. A. Dobbs
- Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University , 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada
- A. Doussot
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- D. Dutcher
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- W. Everett
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- C. Feng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- K. R. Ferguson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- K. Fichman
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Foster
- ORCiD
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- S. Galli
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- A. E. Gambrel
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- R. W. Gardner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- F. Ge
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- N. Goeckner-Wald
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- R. Gualtieri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 633 Clark Street, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- F. Guidi
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- S. Guns
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- N. W. Halverson
- CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- E. Hivon
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- G. P. Holder
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- J. C. Hood
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Hryciuk
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- N. Huang
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- F. Kéruzoré
- High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- A. R. Khalife
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- L. Knox
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- M. Korman
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- K. Kornoelje
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- C.-L. Kuo
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- A. T. Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]; Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- K. Levy
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- A. E. Lowitz
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- C. Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- A. Maniyar
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- E. S. Martsen
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- F. Menanteau
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- M. Millea
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- J. Montgomery
- Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University , 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Y. Nakato
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- T. Natoli
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- G. I. Noble
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada
- V. Novosad
- Materials Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Y. Omori
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- S. Padin
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Z. Pan
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- P. Paschos
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- K. A. Phadke
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- A. W. Pollak
- University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- K. Prabhu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- W. Quan
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- M. Rahimi
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- A. Rahlin
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- C. L. Reichardt
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- M. Rouble
- Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University , 3600 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- J. E. Ruhl
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- E. Schiappucci
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- G. Smecher
- Three-Speed Logic, Inc. , Victoria, B.C., V8S 3Z5, Canada
- J. A. Sobrin
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- A. A. Stark
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- J. Stephen
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Suzuki
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- C. Tandoi
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- K. L. Thompson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- B. Thorne
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- C. Trendafilova
- Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- C. Tucker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 3YB, UK
- C. Umilta
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- J. D. Vieira
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- A. Vitrier
- Sorbonne Universit’e , CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Y. Wan
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for AstroPhysical Surveys , National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- G. Wang
- High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- N. Whitehorn
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- W. L. K. Wu
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- V. Yefremenko
- High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- M. R. Young
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , MS209, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada35d
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 982,
no. 1
p. 15
Abstract
We present the detection and characterization of fluctuations in linearly polarized emission from the atmosphere above the South Pole. These measurements make use of data from the SPT-3G receiver on the South Pole Telescope in three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. We use the cross-correlation between detectors to produce an unbiased estimate of the power in Stokes I , Q , and U parameters on large angular scales. Our results are consistent with the polarized signal being produced by the combination of Rayleigh scattering of thermal radiation from the ground and thermal emission from a population of horizontally aligned ice crystals with an anisotropic distribution described by Kolmogorov turbulence. The measured spatial scaling, frequency scaling, and elevation dependence of the polarized emission are explained by this model. Polarized atmospheric emission has the potential to significantly impact observations on the large angular scales being targeted by searches for inflationary B-mode CMB polarization. We present the distribution of measured angular power spectrum amplitudes in Stokes Q and I for 4 yr of Austral winter observations, which can be used to simulate the impact of atmospheric polarization and intensity fluctuations at the South Pole on a specified experiment and observation strategy. We present a mitigation strategy that involves both downweighting significantly contaminated observations and subtracting a polarized atmospheric signal from the 150 GHz band maps. In observations with the SPT-3G instrument, the polarized atmospheric signal is a well-understood and subdominant contribution to the measured noise after implementing the mitigation strategies described here.
Keywords
