BMJ Open (Nov 2019)
Global Outcome Assessment Life-long after stroke in young adults initiative—the GOAL initiative: study protocol and rationale of a multicentre retrospective individual patient data meta-analysis
- Vincent Thijs,
- Didier Leys,
- Takanari Kitazono,
- David Tanne,
- Nilufer Yesilot,
- João Pedro Marto,
- Miguel Viana-Baptista,
- Karoliina Aarnio,
- Antonio Arauz,
- Manuel Bolognese,
- Raf Brouns,
- Batnairamdal Chuluun,
- Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar,
- Byambasuren Dagvajantsan,
- Stephanie Debette,
- Adi Don,
- Chris Enzinger,
- Esme Ekizoglu,
- Simon Fandler-Höfler,
- Franz Fazekas,
- Anette Fromm,
- Thomas Gattringer,
- Giosue Gulli,
- Michael Hoffmann,
- Christina Jern,
- Katarina Jood,
- Masahiro Kamouchi,
- Young Seo Kim,
- Janika Korv,
- Tsong-Hai Lee,
- Nicolas Martinez-Majander,
- Victoria Mifsud,
- Aleksandra Pikula,
- Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval,
- Bettina Sarnowski,
- KS Tan,
- T Tatlisumak,
- Riina Vibo,
- Ulrike Waje-Andreassen,
- Alessandro Pezzini,
- Jukka Putaala,
- Frank‐Erik de Leeuw,
- Anil M Tuladhar,
- Merel S Ekker,
- Mina A Jacob,
- Myrna ME van Dongen,
- Arunkar K Annamalai,
- Miguel A Barboza,
- Thiago F Hora,
- Steven J Kittner,
- Timothy J Kleinig,
- Catharina JM Klijn,
- Noortje AM Maaijwee,
- Man M Mehndiratta,
- Vinicius V Montanaro,
- Mayowa O Owolabi,
- Vinod B Patel,
- Matthew C Phillips,
- Floris HBM Schreuder,
- Rick H Swartz,
- Teddy Y Wu,
- Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak
Affiliations
- Vincent Thijs
- Melbourne Brain Centre—Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Didier Leys
- Neurology, Stroke Unit, CHU Lille, Inserm U1171, Lille, France
- Takanari Kitazono
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- David Tanne
- 14 Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Nilufer Yesilot
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- João Pedro Marto
- 1 Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
- Miguel Viana-Baptista
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
- Karoliina Aarnio
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Antonio Arauz
- Stroke Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Manuel Bolognese
- Neurology Department, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital (LUKS), Luzern, Switzerland
- Raf Brouns
- Neurology Department, ZorgSaam, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
- Batnairamdal Chuluun
- International School of Traditional Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Byambasuren Dagvajantsan
- Department of Neurology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Stephanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, University of Bordeaux College of Health Sciences, Bordeaux, France
- Adi Don
- School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Chris Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Esme Ekizoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Simon Fandler-Höfler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Franz Fazekas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Anette Fromm
- Centre for Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Thomas Gattringer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Giosue Gulli
- Stroke Unit, Ashford and Saint Peter`s Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
- Michael Hoffmann
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Katarina Jood
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Masahiro Kamouchi
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seongdong-Gu, Korea (The Republic of)
- Janika Korv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- 16 Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Victoria Mifsud
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Aleksandra Pikula
- Jay and Sari Sonshine Centre for Stroke Prevention & Cerebrovascular Brain Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Unidad Hospitalaria Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Bettina Sarnowski
- Neurology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universitat Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- KS Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- T Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Riina Vibo
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Ulrike Waje-Andreassen
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Jukka Putaala
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Frank‐Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Anil M Tuladhar
- 3 Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Merel S Ekker
- Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Mina A Jacob
- Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Myrna ME van Dongen
- Department of Neurology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Arunkar K Annamalai
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton on Tees, UK
- Miguel A Barboza
- Neurology Department, Hospital Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, San Jose, Costa Rica
- Thiago F Hora
- SARAH Hospital of Rehabilitation, Brasilia, Brazil
- Steven J Kittner
- Neurology Department, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Timothy J Kleinig
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Catharina JM Klijn
- 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Noortje AM Maaijwee
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Luzern, LU, Switzerland
- Man M Mehndiratta
- Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Vinicius V Montanaro
- SARAH Hospital of Rehabilitation, Brasilia, Brazil
- Mayowa O Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Vinod B Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Matthew C Phillips
- Department of Neurology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Floris HBM Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Rick H Swartz
- Department of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Teddy Y Wu
- Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031144
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9,
no. 11
Abstract
Introduction Worldwide, 2 million patients aged 18–50 years suffer a stroke each year, and this number is increasing. Knowledge about global distribution of risk factors and aetiologies, and information about prognosis and optimal secondary prevention in young stroke patients are limited. This limits evidence-based treatment and hampers the provision of appropriate information regarding the causes of stroke, risk factors and prognosis of young stroke patients.Methods and analysis The Global Outcome Assessment Life-long after stroke in young adults (GOAL) initiative aims to perform a global individual patient data meta-analysis with existing data from young stroke cohorts worldwide. All patients aged 18–50 years with ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage will be included. Outcomes will be the distribution of stroke aetiology and (vascular) risk factors, functional outcome after stroke, risk of recurrent vascular events and death and finally the use of secondary prevention. Subgroup analyses will be made based on age, gender, aetiology, ethnicity and climate of residence.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for the GOAL study has already been obtained from the Medical Review Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen. Additionally and when necessary, approval will also be obtained from national or local institutional review boards in the participating centres. When needed, a standardised data transfer agreement will be provided for participating centres. We plan dissemination of our results in peer-reviewed international scientific journals and through conference presentations. We expect that the results of this unique study will lead to better understanding of worldwide differences in risk factors, causes and outcome of young stroke patients.
