Department Paint Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Jean-Denis Brassard
Laboratoire International des Matériaux Antigivre/Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H2B1, Canada
Masafumi Yamazaki
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46628, USA
Hirotaka Sakaue
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46628, USA
Marcella Balordi
Power Generation Technologies and Materials Department, RSE, Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Heli Koivuluoto
Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
Julio Mora
INTA-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Área de Materiales Metálicos, Ctra. Ajalvir Km 4, 28850 Madrid, Spain
Jianying He
Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Marie-Laure Pervier
School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Centre for Propulsion and Thermal Power Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
Ali Dolatabadi
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
Emily Asenath-Smith
US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
Mikael Järn
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department Materials and Surface Design, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Xianghui Hou
Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Volkmar Stenzel
Department Paint Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Ice adhesion tests are widely used to assess the performance of potential icephobic surfaces and coatings. A great variety of test designs have been developed and used over the past decades due to the lack of formal standards for these types of tests. In many cases, the aim of the research was not only to determine ice adhesion values, but also to understand the key surface properties correlated to low ice adhesion surfaces. Data from different measurement techniques had low correspondence between the results: Values varied by orders of magnitude and showed different relative relationships to one another. This study sought to provide a broad comparison of ice adhesion testing approaches by conducting different ice adhesion tests with identical test surfaces. A total of 15 test facilities participated in this round-robin study, and the results of 13 partners are summarized in this paper. For the test series, ice types (impact and static) as well as test parameters were harmonized to minimize the deviations between the test setups. Our findings are presented in this paper, and the ice- and test-specific results are discussed. This study can improve our understanding of test results and support the standardization process for ice adhesion strength measurements.
