Celâleddîn Devvânî’nin Ahlak Düşüncesinde Dostluk

Abstract

Abstract Since the friendship relationship is a phenomenon for practical life, it has been examined within the scope of moral philosophy. In the tradition of Islamic moral philosophy, philosophers have addressed the subject of friendship either in a standalone work or under separate headings in their moral works on morality in general. In this context, the idea of friendship is seen in the thoughts of the philosophers before Jalal al-din al-Dawwani, also the philosopher handled the topic by opening a title in his work called Akhlaq-i Jalali. The concept of friendship, which gives a special meaning to the relations between people, is the most important type of close environment relations established after familial relations. It is a situation originating from human nature that the human species, which tends to live in groups, finds friends and establishes friendships with people with whom they feel close in their community to share their happiness or unhappiness, their secrets and partly their special moments in their lives and to help each other on certain issues. In Dawwani's thoughts on the subject, it is seen that friendship arises due to the nature of human beings. Because even if people somehow meet their material needs, they feel the need to share and help spiritually which is an effective and high-level relationship in human life, to be based on solid foundations, the idea that it is necessary to be careful in choosing friends and not to establish friendships with every person who comes before them, is an issue that the philosopher emphasizes. In the thoughts of the philosopher, it is seen that the person to be chosen as a friend must comply with some criteria. The character structure of the person to be chosen as a friend must be sufficient to handle this relationship and at a level of moral maturity. Because the fact that this relationship can affect the life of the individual positively or negatively is one of the points that the philosopher wants to draw attention to. When a suitable friend is found and a friendly relationship is established, these obligations must be fulfilled by complying with the law of friendship, with the awareness that friends have mutual responsibilities. To keep the institution of friendship alive, it is among the basic theses of the philosopher that friends should be moderate in their behavior. In this study, the thoughts of the philosopher on the subject, that draws attention to the place and importance of the need for friendship in human life, were examined. The relationship of friendship is among the values that are seen as virtues for relations between people. In this context, there are many ideas that are processed within the scope of practical philosophy, that see the behaviors that should be rather than the existing ones as a problem and put forward theories for the society and the individual to live in peace and happiness. The virtue of friendship, which is evaluated within these thoughts, has been deemed worthy of examination because it is an important behavior that is considered in terms of leveling up and regulating the relationship that develops between individuals living in the society. It is seen that the idea that this relationship is irreplaceable among people is an issue on which the philosopher is based. In this sense, the issue of friendship relationship, which deserves to be examined in practical philosophy, has been tried to be examined within the framework of Dawwani's views and by complying with his method of advice or recommendation. The study covers Dawwani's thoughts on friendship in his work called Akhlaq-i Jalali.

Keywords

• islamic philosophy
• moral philosophy
• friendship
• akhlaq-i jalali
• jalal al-din al-dawwani