Effect of Er on the Hot Deformation Behavior of the Crossover Al3Zn3Mg3Cu0.2Zr Alloy

Abstract

The effect of an erbium alloying on the hot deformation behavior of the crossover Al3Zn3Mg3Cu0.2Zr alloy was investigated in detail. First of all, Er increases the solidus temperature of the alloy. This allows hot deformation at a higher temperature. The precipitates resulting from the Er alloying of the Al3Zn3Mg3Cu0.2Zr alloy were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Erbium addition to the alloy produces the formation of more stable and fine L12-(Al3(Zr, Er)) precipitates with a size of 20–60 nm. True stress tends to increase with a decline in the temperature and an increase in the deformation rate. The addition of Er leads to decreases in true stress at the strain rates of 0.01–1 s−1 due to particle-stimulated nucleation softening mechanisms. The effective activation energy of the alloy with the Er addition has a lower value, enabling an easier hot deformation process in the alloy with an elevated volume fraction of the intermetallic particles. The addition of Er increases the strain rate sensitivity, which makes the failure during deformation less probable. The investigated alloys have a significant difference in the dependence of the activation volume on the temperature. The flow instability criterion allows better deformability of Er-doped alloys and enables the alloys to be formed more easily. The evenly distributed particles prevent the formation of shear bands with elevated storage energy and decrease the probability of crack initiation during the initial stages of hot deformation when only one softening mechanism (dynamic recovery) is working. The microstructure analysis proves that dynamic recovery is the main softening mechanism.

Keywords

• aluminum alloys
• erbium
• precipitates
• hot deformation behavior
• processing maps
• dynamic recovery