Values of apparent diffusion coefficient in pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy

Abstract

Abstract Background To investigate the values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for the treatment response evaluation in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Methods This study included 103 NAT patients with histologically proven PC. ADC maps were generated using monoexponential diffusion-weighted imaging (b values: 50, 800 s/mm2). Tumors’ minimum, maximum, and mean ADCs were measured and compared pre- and post-NAT. Variations in ADC values measured between pre- and post-NAT completion for NAT methods (chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy), tumor locations (head/neck, body/tail), tumor regression grade (TRG) levels (0–2, 3), N stages (N0, N1/N2) and tumor resection margin status (R0, R1), were further analyzed. Results The minimum, maximum, and mean ADC values all increased dramatically after NAT, rising from 23.4 to 25.4% (all p < 0.001): mean (average: 1.626 × 10− 3 mm2/s vs. 1.315 × 10− 3 mm2/s), minimum (median: 1.274 × 10− 3 mm2/s vs. 1.034 × 10− 3 mm2/s), and maximum (average: 1.981 × 10− 3 mm2/s vs. 1.580 × 10− 3 mm2/s). The ADCs between the subgroups of all the criteria under investigation did not differ significantly for the minimum, maximum, or mean values pre- or post-NAT (P = 0.08 to 1.00). In the patients with borderline resectable PC (n = 47), the rate of tumor size changes after NAT was correlated with the pre-NAT mean ADC values (Spearman’s coefficient: 0.288, P = 0.049). Conclusions The ADC values of PC increased significantly following NAT; however, the percentage increases failed to provide any predictive value for the resection margin status or TRG levels.

Keywords

• Apparent diffusion coefficient
• Pancreatic cancer
• Neoadjuvant therapy
• Diffusion weighted imaging
• Prediction