The Essence of Ontology in Islamic Philosophy

Abstract

This article seeks to analyze the concept of wujūd in Islamic philosophy, including the Peripatetic (al-Hikmah al-Masha'iyyah) and Illuminationist (al-Hikmah al-Isyraqiyya) schools. The study employs a discourse analysis approach, using data collected from an analysis of Islamic philosophy literature with a focus on the concept of wujūd in these two schools. The findings of the study show that despite using the same term, the concept of external reality has different meanings in different schools of Islamic philosophy. The Peripatetic school interprets wujūd as the basis of reality, but its extension varies depending on the differences in mahiyyah (essence). The Illuminationist school, on the other hand, interprets wujūd as an addition to external reality, as the fundamental element is mahiyyah. One of the novel contributions of this study is to highlight the sensitivity of the concept of essence in Islamic ontology, as evidenced by the different meanings of wujūd in the two schools of Islamic philosophy. However, both schools agree that wujūd is manifested as a mental reality, a predication for mahiyyah. In mental reality, the fundamental element is mahiyyah.

Keywords

• Wujūd; māhiyāh
• Islamic philosophy
• al-Hikmah al-Masya’iyyah
• al-Hikmah al-Isyraqiyah