Interactions between vulvovaginal disorders and urinary disorders: The case for an integrated view of the pelvis

Abstract

Lower urinary tract symptomatology is often difficult to categorize if history and investigation focus only on the urinary tract. Disease and dysfunction in organs more posteriorly can often cause or influence such bladder and urethral symptoms. Vulvovaginal skin diseases are an important but often missed influence on lower urinary tract symptomatology.

Keywords

• Bladder
• Urethra
• Vulvovaginal skin
• Vulvodynia
• Dyspareunia