Heliyon (Feb 2024)
CPXM1 correlates to poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death and the fifth most frequent malignant cancer, especially advanced GC. Carboxypeptidase X member 1 (CPXM1) is an epigenetic factor involved in many physiological processes, including osteoclast differentiation and adipogenesis. Several studies have shown the association of CPXM1 with multiple tumors; however, the mechanism of CPXM1 involvement in the progression of GC is yet to be characterized. Method: CPXM1 expression data were obtained from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to obtain patient-matched clinicopathological information, and the Kaplan–Meier plot database was utilized for the prognosis analysis of GC patients. The Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and cBioportal databases were adopted to study CPXM1 mutations in tumors. Next, we utilized the Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for mechanism research. Furthermore, we performed tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration analysis based on CPXM1. Finally, we predicted sensitivity to several targeted drugs in GC patients based on CPXM1.CPXM1 is upregulated in GC and is correlated with poor prognosis, gender, and tumor stage in GC patients. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that CPXM1 may regulate the occurrence and progression of GC via the PI3K–AKT and TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CPXM1 expression results in an increase in the proportion of immune and stromal cells. Additionally, the proportion of plasma cells was inversely related to the expression of CPXM1, whereas macrophage M2 expression was proportionate to CPXM1 expression. Finally, six small-molecule drugs that showed notable variations in IC50 between two groups were screened. Conclusion: These results suggested that CPXM1 regulates the progression of GC and may represent a novel target for the detection and treatment of GC.
