Antibiotics Development and the Potentials of Marine-Derived Compounds to Stem the Tide of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa
Justus Amuche Nweze,
Florence N. Mbaoji,
Gang Huang,
Yanming Li,
Liyan Yang,
Yunkai Zhang,
Shushi Huang,
Lixia Pan,
Dengfeng Yang
Affiliations
Justus Amuche Nweze
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Florence N. Mbaoji
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Gang Huang
Guangxi Biomass Industrialization Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Yanming Li
Guangxi Biomass Industrialization Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Liyan Yang
Guangxi Biomass Industrialization Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Yunkai Zhang
College of Life Science and Technology of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
Shushi Huang
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Lixia Pan
Guangxi Biomass Industrialization Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center of Non-food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
Dengfeng Yang
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
As the search for new antibiotics continues, the resistance to known antimicrobial compounds continues to increase. Many researchers around the world, in response to antibiotics resistance, have continued to search for new antimicrobial compounds in different ecological niches such as the marine environment. Marine habitats are one of the known and promising sources for bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potentials against currently drug-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. For more than a decade, numerous antimicrobial compounds have been discovered from marine environments, with many more antimicrobials still being discovered every year. So far, only very few compounds are in preclinical and clinical trials. Research in marine natural products has resulted in the isolation and identification of numerous diverse and novel chemical compounds with potency against even drug-resistant pathogens. Some of these compounds, which mainly came from marine bacteria and fungi, have been classified into alkaloids, lactones, phenols, quinones, tannins, terpenes, glycosides, halogenated, polyketides, xanthones, macrocycles, peptides, and fatty acids. All these are geared towards discovering and isolating unique compounds with therapeutic potential, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we tried to summarize published articles from 2015 to 2019 on antimicrobial compounds isolated from marine sources, including some of their chemical structures and tests performed against drug-resistant pathogens.
