On the first step in zinc deposition – A case of nonlinear coupling with the solvent

Abstract

The deposition of zinc from aqueous solutions is of great practical importance, and it also serves as a prototype for the deposition of divalent ions. Both experiment and theory agree, that it takes place in two steps. Previous theoretical work [1] had suggested that the step, Zn+++e-→Zn+ takes place in the outer sphere, but gave a prohibitively high energy of activation of the order of 1.4 eV, in accord with the enigma of metal deposition postulated by Gileadi [2]. In this work the treatment of the reactant – solvent interaction is substantially improved by introducing nonlinear terms based on molecular dynamics. Our calculations suggest that the first steps follows an inner sphere path with a much lower energy of activation, which results in a physically adsorbed Zn+ ion. The second step then occurs on the electrode surface. These findings are in line with experimental data.

Keywords

• Metal deposition
• Zinc batteries
• Inner-sphere electron transfer
• Nonlinear effects